Blog
-
Once the basic for pattern clicks (i = 0; i < N; i = i + 1), the next hurdle is realizing you can tune both the step and the check to match the problem. Many tasks aren’t “count by ones”; they skip elements, grow geometrically, or stop when a mathematical condition becomes false. This… Continue reading.
-
Sooner or later you need to do the same action many times—check several candidates, accumulate a sum over steps, run a procedure for a fixed number of iterations. Writing the same line ten times won’t scale. A loop solves this by repeating a block of code automatically. The classic C++ for loop is the simplest… Continue reading.
-
Most programs need to communicate: show results to a user and read values to decide what to do next. C++ provides two standard streams for console programs: They’re part of the <iostream> library and give you a uniform way to send values out and bring values in. The same ideas later extend to files and… Continue reading.
-
Real programs respond to situations: a value might be inside a valid range, a file might exist, a counter might have reached a limit. To react, code must branch—follow one path when a requirement holds and a different path when it doesn’t. The simplest way to create such a branch in C++ is the if… Continue reading.
-
In the previous post of this thread, I explored the nature of forces. In this post, I will go into more detail on how forces act on physical objects. The central law is Newton’s third law. Action-Reaction Pairs (Newton’s Third Law) Newton’s third law provides a profound insight into how forces actually arise: every force… Continue reading.
-
In our previous discussions, we explored Newton’s laws of motion and saw how reference frames shape our description of motion. At the heart of Newtonian mechanics is the concept of a force—a physical influence capable of changing an object’s state of motion, causing acceleration. Forces provide the fundamental way objects interact with one another. Whenever… Continue reading.
-
This post continues the exploration of predicate logic, highlighting its expressiveness compared to propositional logic, discussing its limitations, and outlining applications in various fields. Advanced Expressiveness Compared to Propositional Logic Propositional logic treats whole sentences as indivisible. Predicate logic can talk about individuals and relations between them, and it can express generality and existence. Here… Continue reading.
-
Having established both syntax and semantics, we now delve into the essential methods used to formally prove statements in predicate logic. Specifically, we’ll explore Natural Deduction and Hilbert-style systems, illustrating their application to real mathematical reasoning. Natural Deduction in Predicate Logic Natural deduction is a formal proof system that extends naturally from propositional logic, incorporating… Continue reading.
-
In the previous posts, we’ve discussed the syntax of predicate logic, outlining how terms, predicates, and formulas are formed. Now, we’ll explore semantics, explaining how meaning is formally assigned to these formulas. Structures and Interpretations The meaning of formulas in predicate logic is given by structures (or interpretations). Intuitively, a structure assigns concrete meanings to… Continue reading.
-
In my previous post, I introduced variables and explained how C++ stores and manages data using fundamental data types. Now, I will delve deeper into how memory works in C++ and introduce two powerful features: pointers and references. Understanding memory management is crucial for becoming proficient in C++. It will give you greater control over… Continue reading.
